The ovarian cyst is a small sac, usually filled with fluid, that develops inside or on the surface of one or both ovaries. Ovarian cysts appear very often mainly in women of reproductive age and are mostly harmless. 

Below we will explain the types of ovarian cysts we may encounter. We will talk about the symptoms they may cause and how we can diagnose them. Finally, we will see how we can better treat them with modern means at our disposal.

Types of Ovarian Cysts

There are various types of cysts:

Functional Ovarian Cysts 

These are the most common cysts and develop during ovulation. They are usually harmless and are absorbed on their own within a period of 2-3 months.

Pathological Ovarian Cysts

These are cysts that form as a result of abnormal cell growth in the ovaries and can appear even after menopause. They are usually benign, but in some cases, they may be malignant, causing ovarian cancer. 

Dermoid Cysts

The dermoid cyst of the ovary is a rare, non-cancerous cyst that may contain tissue from various parts of the body, such as hair, skin, and teeth. It originates from cells in the body that have the ability to produce various tissues.

Cystadenomas

These are cysts that form from cells on the outer surface of the ovary. They can grow very large and cause discomfort and pain.

Endometriotic Cysts

These are cysts that form from the accumulation of endometrial tissue in the ovaries. They are often called chocolate cysts because their content resembles the color and texture of chocolate.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

A special category of ovarian cysts is those found in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a hormonal problem with different causes, which appears in adolescence or early adulthood and often creates small ovarian cysts containing immature eggs.  It is important to know that these cysts are benign and do not require surgical treatment in any case.

Ovarian Cyst Symptoms: When Should I See a Gynecologist?

In many cases, ovarian cysts do not cause symptoms and may dissolve without treatment. Of course, if such cysts have developed, it is essential to monitor and re-examine them preventively, as they may reappear.

When ovarian cysts do show symptoms, these may include:

• Abdominal discomfort, which may be more significant on one side
• Pain in the lower abdomen or back, which is intense and sudden
• Discomfort or bloating after eating, even if it was light
• Infertility
• Menstrual Disorders
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Excessive pain during menstruation

How is the Diagnosis Made?

Often, the diagnosis of ovarian cysts is made during a gynecological check-up, either during an annual check-up or during pregnancy.

Clinical suspicion plays a crucial role in diagnosing ovarian cysts, especially if you have a personal or family history of ovarian cancer or if you experience unusual symptoms.

Ultrasound is the first and most effective tool for detecting ovarian cysts. This non-invasive examination provides a clear and detailed image of the ovaries and is the best way to detect cysts in their early stages.

In some cases, you may need to undergo additional imaging tests, such as CT or MRI scans, or diagnostic laparoscopy, for a more detailed image of your ovaries.

Blood tests can also be done to confirm elevated cancer markers such as Ca 125, AFP, Ca19-9, CEA. Although these markers are not only found in cases of cancer, they can sometimes help in diagnosis.

Surgical and Non-Surgical Treatments

Treatment for ovarian cysts varies depending on the type, size, and symptoms of the cyst. In some cases, the cyst may disappear on its own, while in others, surgical intervention may be required.

Laparoscopy is the most appropriate way to treat ovarian cysts as it allows both diagnosis and treatment. It offers faster recovery time compared to traditional surgical methods and has a low risk of complications and minimal scarring.

Medications, such as contraceptive pills, can also be used to regulate hormonal imbalances and reduce the risk of forming ovarian cysts. However, they offer no real help in reversing existing cysts.

How Can We Help You?

If you have similar symptoms, have already been diagnosed with an ovarian cyst, or have received treatment without results, it is essential to visit us. After recording your history and reviewing the tests you have already done, we may ask for additional tests to confirm the diagnosis.

We believe that laparoscopy is the most modern treatment method for ovarian cysts. Our goal is to inform you about the entire process, from preparation to what to expect during and after the removal of the cyst.

For the treatment of ovarian cysts, we consider the following:

• To what extent do symptoms affect your daily life?
• Do you wish to have (more) children?
• Are you in menopause?
• Has the cyst or cysts created other problems?

Ovarian cysts are a condition that, even when not noticeable, can sometimes create problems. Therefore, if you have ovarian cysts, consult only specialized gynecologists trained in laparoscopy. Address the challenges with the right approach and overcome your problem in the best way.